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KMID : 1124020220380030291
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Korean Social Security Studies
2022 Volume.38 No. 3 p.291 ~ p.326
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Changes in working hours in Korean society over the past 20 years: Focusing on working hours, time poverty, and time inequality
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Noh Hye-Jin
Park Na-Ri
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Abstract
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The purpose of this study is to analyze who's working hours have increased in Korean society over the past 20 years and various changes surrounding the distribution of working hours. To this end, the actual condition and trends of working hours, time poverty, and time inequality in Korean society were analyzed using the time use survey data conducted five times over 20 years from 1999 to 2019. As a result of the study, first, in terms of the actual working hours, differences in income, work type, and gender led to changes. As the working hours of the high-income group decrease, the problem of long working hours has become a problem for the middle-income group, and the pattern of working hours between wage earners and non-wage workers has been reversed over the past 20 years, and the gender gap in total working hours is narrowing. Second, in terms of time poverty, differences by gender, educational level, and income led to changes. The gender working hour poverty rate reversed within 20 years, resulting in a higher total working hour poverty rate for men. The problem of time poverty, which was high in the low-educated group, was transferred to the high-educated group. In addition, the problem of time poverty, which had a proportional increase in the working-time poverty rate as the income quintile rose, turned into a problem for the middle-income group. Lastly, looking at the pattern of working time inequality analyzed through the Gini coefficient and the Lorenz curve, the degree of inequality in total working hours has increased over the past 20 years. Based on these results, this study proposes the introduction of a standard working time system to reduce the working hours of non-wage workers, and the use of the working time account system to secure flexibility in working time utilization.
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KEYWORD
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working hours, time poverty, time inequality, time Lorenz curve, time Gini coefficien
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